- sem-3
- sem-3English meaning: summerDeutsche Übersetzung: ‘sommer”Grammatical information: (gen. sem-ós)Note: Root sem-3 : ‘summer” has certainly derived from Root ĝhei-2 : ĝhi- , ĝhei-men-, *ĝheimn-: “winter; snow” [common satem IE ĝhe- > se- phonetic mutation]. It seems that the Hittite- Illyrian name for winter became the Sanskrit name for summer. This discovery seems crucial to determine the homeland of Indo Europeans.Material: O.Ind. sámü f. “Halbjahr, season, year” (= Arm. am), üi-ṣá-mah “this year” (probably from a loc. *üi-samüi reshaped, see above S. 286); Av. ham- ‘summer”; Arm. am “year” (= O.Ind. sámü), amaṙn ‘summer” (*semerom); O.Ir. sam (*semo-) and samrad (*semo-rōto-, above S. 866), Welsh Corn. haf, Bret. hañv ‘summer”; Welsh hafod ‘sommerhaus”, Bret. havreg “Brachfeld”, M.Ir. samad m. “Ampfer”; Gaul. samon[ios] ‘sommermonat”, samolus “ sorrel, Oxalis acetosella “, samara “Ulmensamen”; remain far off the ibero-rom. a kind of fish samauca (Hubschmid. Rom. Phil. 8, 12 f.); O.H.G. sumar, O.E. sumor m., O.Ice. sumar n. ‘summer”; as “ one-year-old animal” O.Ice. simull “( one-yearold) ox”, simi, simir ds., Nor. simla “Renntierkuh” (IE sem-), Swe. somel “Renntierkalb”.References: WP. II 492 f.
Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary. 2015.